Political debate is a central feature of democratic life. It helps voters sharpen their views in a focused format about the candidates and policies that are important to them. It can even lead to more positive outcomes, such as better understanding of both sides of an issue, according to research.

Debate can occur in many forms, from formal, structured events to one-on-one interactions between friends or colleagues. For example, in the United States, political debate is a regular part of presidential campaigns and occurs during town hall meetings, cable news shows, or on social media.

Whether a debate is held on television or in person, there are certain key characteristics that define it as such. The most notable characteristic is that it takes place between two or more people and includes discussion of controversial topics. The debaters are expected to present their positions on these topics, explain why they believe these positions are correct, and rebut their opponents’ positions in a civil manner.

In order to ensure that debates are fair, they must be conducted by an organization that is independent of both the candidates and the major political parties. Debates are also required to follow a certain format and include specific questions. This structure is meant to reduce the influence of partisanship and promote productive discourse.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) organizes debates during presidential elections. The CPD is nonpartisan, does not receive funding from either major party, and has a board of distinguished Americans who are not politicians. The CPD selects sites for debates based on bids from interested locations. The selection process is done approximately a year in advance, so that the CPD can complete logistical preparations for the event.